In this material, we focused the reader on the main problems raised in the texts on the exam in the Russian language. Arguments illustrating these issues are under the appropriate headings. You can also download a table with all these examples at the end of the article.

Conservation of natural heritage

1. IN the story of V.G. Rasputin's “Farewell to Matera” the author touches on the very important for the whole society problem of preservation of natural heritage. The writer notes that without a knowledge of the past, it is impossible to build a decent future. Nature is also a memory, our history. So, the death of the island of Matera and the small village of the same name caused a loss of memory of the wonderful days of life in this area, its former inhabitants ... Unfortunately, only the older generation, for example, the main character Daria Pinigina, understood that Matera is not just an island, it is a connection with the past, the memory of ancestors. When Matera hid under the waters of the raging Angara, and the last resident left this place, the memory died.
2. Hero story science fiction story american writer Ray Bradbury “And the thunder struck” also confirms that nature is part of our common history. Nature, time and memory - all these concepts are intertwined, and this is emphasized by the science fiction writer. The death of a small creature, a butterfly, caused the death of the future of the whole world. Intervention in the wildlife of the prehistoric past cost dearly to the inhabitants of planet Earth. Thus, the problem of preserving the natural heritage in Ray Bradbury’s short story “And the Thunder struck” is raised so that people think about the value of the environment, because it is inextricably linked with the history of mankind.

Cultural Preservation

1. In the book of the Soviet and Russian philologist and culturologist D.S. Likhachev's "Letters of the Good and the Beautiful" The problem of preservation of cultural heritage is revealed. The author makes his readers think about what cultural monuments mean to a person. The doctor of philological sciences reminds us that, unlike natural objects, architectural structures are not capable of self-healing. He calls on everyone to take an active part in preserving the memory frozen in clay and plaster. In his opinion, no one should reject the culture of the past, since it is the foundation of our future. This statement should convince every concerned person to try to solve the problem of preservation of cultural heritage posed by D.S. Likhachev.
2. IN novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" One of the main characters, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, is convinced that culture is indispensable in people's lives. The author is trying to convey through this hero the idea of ​​the importance of cultural heritage not only to the nihilist Evgeny Bazarov, but also to all readers. Without the healing influence of art, Eugene, for example, could not understand himself and realize in time that he was a romantic, and also needed warmth and affection. It is the spiritual sphere that helps us to know ourselves, therefore we cannot deny it. Music, fine art, literature make a person noble, morally beautiful, therefore, care must be taken to preserve cultural monuments.

The problem of memory in family relationships

1. In the story of K.N. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya for many years forgot about her mother, did not come, did not visit. She was justified by everyday work, but no matters could be compared in importance to her mother. The story of the main character is given by the author as a warning to the reader: the care and love of parents should not be forgotten by children, because one day it will be too late to repay them the same. So it happened with Nastya. Only after the death of her mother did the girl realize that she devoted very little time to the one that protected her sleep from the crib.
2. The words of parents, their instructions are sometimes remembered by children for many years and even for life. So, the main character the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter", Pyotr Grinev, very clearly understood for himself the simple truth of his father, "take care of honor from a young age." Thanks to the parents and their instructions, the hero never gave up, he did not blame anyone for his problems, he accepted defeat with honor and dignity, if life required it. The memory of the parents was something sacred for Peter Grinev. He respected their opinion, tried to justify his confidence in himself, later this helped him become happy and free.

The problem of historical memory

1. In B. L. Vasiliev’s novel “Not Listed” the protagonist had not yet had time to check in at a combat post when the bloody Second World War began. He put all his young forces in defense of the Brest Fortress, during which everyone died. Even when left alone, he did not cease to terrify the invaders with his night outings. When Pluzhnikov was caught, the enemies saluted him, as the Soviet soldier struck them with his courage. But the title of the novel tells us that many such nameless heroes were lost in the hustle and bustle of the days when they simply did not manage to be added to the next list. But how much did they, unrecognized and forgotten, do for us? In order for us to at least keep this in our memory, the author devoted the whole work to Nikolay Pluzhnikov’s feat, which became the monument of military glory on the mass grave.
2. In the dystopian Aldous Huxley's “Oh Brave New World” describes a society that denies its history. As we see, their ideal, unclouded life has become just a cloying and meaningless likeness of real life. They did not have feelings and emotions, family and marriage, friendship and other personality values. All new people are dummies that exist according to the laws of reflexes and instincts, primitive creatures. The Savage stands out against their background, whose upbringing was built on the connection with the achievements and defeats of past eras. That is why his personality is undeniable. Only historical memory, expressed in the continuity of generations, allows us to develop harmoniously.

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